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Group, Individual, and Staff Therapy: An Efficient and Effective Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Long-Term Care

Georgia Neurosurgical Institute, Macon, Georgia, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey

Catherine A. Yeager, PhD

Essex County Hospital Center, Institute for Mental Health Policy, Research, and Treatment, Cedar Grove, New Jersey, yeager.catherine{at}gmail.com, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey

Nathan Hilton, MA

Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey

Amanda Sacks, PhD

Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey

Objective. Depression is a major problem in long-term care (LTC) as is the lack of related empirically supported psychological treatments. This small study addressed a variant of cognitive behavioral therapy, GIST (group, individual, and staff therapy), against treatment as usual (TAU) in long-term care.

Method. 25 residents with depression were randomized to GIST (n = 13) or TAU (n = 12). Outcome measures included geriatric depression scale-short form (GDS-S), life satisfaction index Z (LSI-Z), and subjective ratings of treatment satisfaction. The GIST group participated in 15 group sessions. TAU crossed over to GIST at the end of the treatment trial.

Results. There were significant differences between GIST and TAU in favor of GIST on the GDS-S and LSI-Z. The GIST group maintained improvements over another 14 sessions. After crossover to GIST, TAU members showed significant improvement from baseline. Participants also reported high subjective ratings of treatment satisfaction. Discussion. This trial demonstrated GIST to be more effective for depression in LTC than standard treatments.

Key Words: behavior therapy • clinical trial • group therapy • long-term care • aging and depression • dementia • depression treatment

This version was published on January 1, 2009

American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias®, Vol. 23, No. 6, 528-539 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1533317508323571


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